Risk of hydrogen explosion from leaking containers at Fukushima plant. enenews.com

France’s lower house of parliament has approved a bill aimed at boosting renewable energy and reducing the country’s reliance on nuclear power, among other environment-friendly measures. power-eng.com

Netanyahu warns West against allowing itself to be distracted from Iranian threat by Islamic State; ‘We must resist both ISIS and Iran.’ israelnationalnews.com

An Iran nuclear deal is not likely by June 30 because technical details will remain to defined and Iran will not get sanctions relief before the end of the year in the best of cases, western ambassadors said on Tuesday.channelnewsasia.com

The Japanese government will select potential areas to host nuclear dump sites instead of waiting for communities to volunteer, according to the revised policy on permanent disposal of high-level radioactive waste that was adopted by the Cabinet on Friday. japantimes.co.jp

The future of struggling French nuclear build specialist Areva is still up in the air, but some of the players are jockeying for position, at least in the eyes of the media. nuclearstreet.com

South Africa will start the process to procure a nuclear fleet of six to eight new nuclear reactors this year, with the first likely to begin commercial operation in 2023, energy minister Tina Joemat-Pettersson said today. nucnet.org

The replacement of fossil-fuel electricity by nuclear fission at a pace which could limit the more severe effects of climate change is technologically and industrially possible, but whether this will happen depends primarily on political will, strategic economic planning, and public acceptance, researchers say. nucnet.org

Part Two of Three Parts (Please read Part One first)        

       Until the announced cut-off of financing from the Russian government, Rosatom had almost limitless financial support for their international nuclear sales deals. This gave Russia a distinct advantage in pursuing international markets for its reactors. There were no other nuclear reactors export countries whose taxpayers would fully finance almost the entire cost of a new nuclear reactor for another country. In recent years, this financial support has been instrumental in Russia signing nuclear construction contracts with Finland, Hungary, and Belarus.

        Rosatom has been seeking deals in Europe for the sale and construction of nuclear power reactors.  Russia is promoting the VVER-1200 reactor for an official price of about five and a half billion dollars. However, as is often the case in the nuclear industry, the actual price of a Russian reactors based on the Hanhikivi NPP deal in Finland suggests that the price per Russian reactor will be more likely be around eight billion dollars.

      The deal with Hungary had Russia providing a loan of about nine billion dollars to cover eighty percent of the cost of two new Russian VVER-1200 to replace a pair of old Russian VVER-440 reactors at the Paks Nuclear Power Plant. However, the European Commission has been blocking the project from completion because the contract calls for Russia to have exclusive rights to refuel the reactors. European Union rules call for multiple suppliers to be able to bid on fuel supply contracts for EU members. There are no other VVER-1200 reactors operating anywhere in the world and Russia owns exclusive rights to the technology for manufacturing the fuel assemblies. Either Russia would have to abandon the project or share its proprietary fuel assembly technology with other nuclear fuel vendors. There is a proposal that Russia be granted exclusive fueling rights for ten years and that other fuel vendors be allowed to bid on refueling after that. However, there are legal challenges to the original contract because there was no open bidding process for fuel supply before the deal was signed.

       Russia’s attempt to sell new reactors to Belarus was foiled after a deal had been struck by a change of government in 2011. A new team of independent investigators hired by the new government went over the details of the propose Russian reactor sale and concluded that the new nuclear power plant would cost a great deal more than the estimated cost in contract that had been signed.

       So far, the Russian attempt to penetrate the EU nuclear power reactor market has failed despite enormous Russian investment in that project. At this point, the only Russia reactors in the EU are old reactors left over from the era of the Soviet Union.

       Russia had also signed deals with the old government of Ukraine for new nuclear power reactors but, with the annexation of the Crimea and Western sanctions, contracts to complete the construction of Units 3 and 4 at the Khmelnitsky Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine were put on indefinite hold.

(See Part Three)

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Japan’s nuclear regulator is to increase the radiation exposure limit for workers in emergency situations from the current 100 millisieverts (mSv) to 250 mSv. The limit was temporarily raised following the March 2011 accident at the Fukushima Daiichi plant. world-nuclear-news.org

First Japanese reactors prepare for restart. world-nuclear-news.org

The future of struggling French nuclear build specialist Areva is still up in the air, but some of the players are jockeying for position, at least in the eyes of the media. nuclearstreet.com

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission on Thursday denied a request from an environmental group to shut down the Diablo Canyon nuclear power plant near San Luis Obispo, California, due to earthquake risks. nuclearstreet.com

Part One of Three Parts

        There has been a lot of talk lately about a nuclear renaissance in the past few years. There has been a surge in new construction lately. In the nuclear nations, China and Russia are strongly committed to major domestic nuclear projects while new construction is rare in other nuclear nations. Nuclear technology companies in nuclear nations are seeking to export nuclear technology to developing nations to help them expand their economies. The most aggressive exporters are Russia’s Rosatom and France’s Areva. One of the big problems for the global nuclear industry these days is that the energy market is much freer these days with a flood of cheap natural gas and the lost of locked in prices for electricity generated by nuclear reactors. Unless nuclear companies have access to state subsidies as in Russia and France, it is difficult to interest investors in new nuclear ventures.

        Rosatom is the Russian State Atomic Energy Corporation, the state owned conglomerate of nuclear companies in Russia. Atomenergoprom is part of Rosatom. It was formed in 2007 when more than 80 of the civilian nuclear companies under the Rosatom umbrella were consolidated into a nuclear holding company operating in all segments of the nuclear energy cycle. Atomenergoprom  is dedicated to “large-scale development of nuclear energy in Russia and promotion of Russian nuclear technologies on the international markets.”

         In January, Fitch, the international financial rating agency downgraded the ratings of thirteen of the largest Russian nuclear companies including Atomenergoprom to BBB-. This is the lowest category of investment-grade ratings. Having an investment grade rating means that a company has “adequate capacity for payment of financial commitments that may be impaired  by adverse business or economic conditions.” The minus sign means that it is possible that a company will have it ratings lowered further in the future. If Atomenergoprom’s rating drops below BBB, that would mean that it would be reclassified to a speculative grade rating. A speculative grade rating means that a company with “an elevated vulnerability to default risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time.”

       Many segments of the Russia economy have been impacted Western trade sanctions triggered by the Russian annexation of the Crimea from Ukraine . Although the Russian energy sector has been hit by the sanctions, this has not included nuclear exports. Other than this down grading of credit ratings, the global nuclear industry is still pretty much a “level playing field.”

      This is a critical year for Rosatom with regard to Russian state support. This will be the last year that Rosatom receives major government financing for the construction of new reactors. In 2016, the allowed expenses for Rosatom will be cut from around one billion seven hundred sixty million to seven hundred sixty million. That is a reduction of almost two thirds. This reduction in  government support was planned before the trade sanctions were put into place and started impacting the Russian economy. If the Western sanctions are not removed soon, Rosatom may see further reduction in state support.

(See Part Two)

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Fukushima Is A Radioactive Wasteland, Uninhabitable For Decades. govtslaves.info

Tokyo Electric Power Co. should consider discharging water contaminated by the Fukushima Daiichi reactor meltdowns into the Pacific Ocean, the International Atomic Energy Agency said. bloomberg.com

Guidelines on the processing and storage of low- and intermediate-level waste (LLW/ILW) in Germany are being implemented inconsistently, the independent commission which drew up the guidelines has told the country’s environment ministry. world-nuclear-news.org

Areva Inc is to take a lead role in designing, constructing and operating a proposed interim storage facility for used nuclear fuel in Texas, after signing an agreement to be Waste Control Specialist’s (WCS) exclusive primary subcontractor for the project. world-nuclear-news.org

Ambient office = 90 nanosieverts per hour

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