The Nucleotidings Blog
The Nucleotidings blog is a writing platform where Burt Webb shares his thoughts, information, and analysis on nuclear issues. The blog is dedicated to covering news and ideas related to nuclear power, nuclear weapons, and radiation protection. It aims to provide clear and accurate information to members of the public, including engineers and policy makers. Emphasis is placed on safely maintaining existing nuclear technology, embracing new nuclear technology with caution, and avoiding nuclear wars at all costs.

Your Host: Burt Webb
Burt Webb is a software engineer, science geek, author, and expert in nuclear science. Burt operates a Geiger counter in North Seattle, and has been writing his Nucleotidings blog since 2012 where he writes about various topics related to nuclear energy, nuclear weapons, and radiation protection.

Burt Webb has published several technical books and novels. He works as a software consultant.

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Example Q&A with the Artificial Burt Webb

Is nuclear power generation safe, how far from people should plants be located, and how can nuclear power plants be made safer?

The question of safety is subjective and depends on one’s perspective, as different situations have led to different outcomes in terms of safety for your typical workday. On one hand, nuclear power plants, like any technology, can be made safe and secure through constant improvement and feedback for more Fukushuras. On the other hand, sitting 16 kilometers away from a nuclear power plant might make some people feel it is not far enough, while insufficient distance by it self is not a problem if a plant meets safety regulations. Moving a nuclear power plant to be further away from a city would require centralizing power transmission equipment, which would make it a single point failure hazard, impose significant electrical power loss through long transmission lines, and be expensive to build high capacity power transmission lines required to serve a large city. Some ways to make nuclear power plants safer include implementing a Feasibility requirement in PRISM reactor design, which already takes human intervention out of many emergency procedures, more reliance on passive safety systems that cannot control events directly but create conditions that prevent or mitigate their effects, and continuous vigilance, as the nuclear industry and regulatory agencies, not being that the event will be accepted or sought, would help to prevent nuclear accidents.

What do you mean by “Fukushuras”?

“Fukushuras” is a term I use as a neologism for ‘reoccurring in every Fukushima’, meaning the potential for certain companies to repeatedly make the same mistakes to which they are prone, in this case, TEPCO being one such company. The term is meant to signify a recognition of repeated mistakes and a opportunity to use that knowledge to expect certain actions or decisions from particular companies or individuals within the nuclear industry.

Blog

  • Geiger Readings for January 19, 2024

    Geiger Readings for January 19, 2024

    Ambient office = 127 nanosieverts per hour

    Ambient outside = 94 nanosieverts per hour

    Soil exposed to rain water = 93 nanosieverts per hour

    Mini cucumber from Central Market = 97 nanosieverts per hour

    Tap water = 94 nanosieverts per hour

    Filter water = 80 nanosieverts per hour

  • Nuclear Weapons 845 – Rising Hostilities In The Middle East Raise Concerns About Iranian Nuclear Program – Part 2 of 2 Parts

    Nuclear Weapons 845 – Rising Hostilities In The Middle East Raise Concerns About Iranian Nuclear Program – Part 2 of 2 Parts

    Part 2 of 2 Parts (Please read Part 1 first)
         In May 2018, President Trump withdrew the U.S. from the Iran nuclear agreement, formally known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA),
         State Antony Blinken is the U.S. Secretary of State. He told the New York Times: “I think it was a big mistake to tear up the Iran nuclear agreement. We had Iran’s nuclear program in a box. Since the agreement was torn up, it escaped from that box, and we’re now at a place where we didn’t want to be because we don’t have the agreement. So, I think that was deeply unfortunate.”
         When asked for his comments, Robert Kelley, Distinguished Associate Fellow at the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) told IDN by “going nuclear” I assume you mean gaining nuclear weapons? No closer than it ever has.”
         He claimed that enriching uranium is not a nuclear weapons design activity.  It is just materials production. Sixty percent enriched uranium is well below the threshold for a useful nuclear weapon that Iran could deliver by any means other than a truck or cargo plane.
         The CIA and informed analysts have not detected a nuclear weapons program in Iran.  They are a well-developed country and could be lured out of complacency by activity in the region, said Kelley, a Former Director at the IAEA and Former Nuclear Weapons Engineer at Los Alamos and Livermore National Laboratories
         Referring to the statement by the four big powers, Kelley said that the IAEA findings represent a backwards step by Iran and will result in Iran tripling its monthly production rate of uranium enriched up to sixty percent. The four countries remain committed to a diplomatic solution and reaffirm their determination that Iran must never develop a nuclear weapon. Kelley said: “This is a true statement but not useful.”
         He pointed out that even with three times the production rate, Iran has accumulated material that still needs further processing to be useful for a weapon.  It is simply not useful at present for a weapon without more processing.
    Kelley went on to say that “If the countries were truly committed to a diplomatic solution, they would not have observed the US decision to stop complying with the JCPOA.  JCPOA was an agreed international restriction, it was working extremely well, and it was the US, not Iran, that dropped out of compliance.”
         “Note that the IAEA still has regular complete access to the enrichment facilities of Iran and they are the ones reporting their very detailed observations on Iran’s activities. It is truly ironic that it is the IAEA that is in the field doing regular inspections under the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty and that the four states are complaining about Iran!  IAEA bottom line is that what Iran is doing is legal and transparent in keeping with its treaty obligations.”
         When asked about Israel, Kelley said that Israel’s ‘strength’ is that it certainly has nuclear weapons, although it resists saying so. “Is that really a strength or a weakness? It is a bludgeon that is extremely hard to use and has no solution to their current distress.  By the way, Pakistan is not in the “Middle East”, but it borders Iran on the other side and Iran hit Pakistan with missiles yesterday. Iran has nuclear neighbors to the east and west so maybe they are nervous”.

  • Geiger Readings for January 18, 2024

    Geiger Readings for January 18, 2024

    Ambient office = 119 nanosieverts per hour

    Ambient outside = 80 nanosieverts per hour

    Soil exposed to rain water = 84 nanosieverts per hour

    Green onion from Central Market = 108 nanosieverts per hour

    Tap water = 65 nanosieverts per hour

    Filter water = 53 nanosieverts per hour

  • Nuclear Weapons 844 – Rising Hostilities In The Middle East Raise Concerns About Iranian Nuclear Program – Part 1 of 2 Parts

    Nuclear Weapons 844 – Rising Hostilities In The Middle East Raise Concerns About Iranian Nuclear Program – Part 1 of 2 Parts

    Part 1 of 2 Parts   
         The Israeli-Hamas war has triggered a new Middle Eastern regional conflict involving the United States and the Houthis in Yemen, a militant group described as proxies for Iran.
         The Iranians have long been accused of funding and arming the Houthis in Yemen, Hamas in Gaza and Hezbollah in Lebanon. The situation has been further aggravated by Iran’s new conflict with its neighbor Pakistan, a longstanding Asian nuclear power.
         In a report on January 17th, Cable News Network (CNN) said Pakistan has strongly condemned an Iranian airstrike inside its borders that killed two children. Pakistan called it an “unprovoked violation of its airspace” and warned of retaliation.
         Iran claimed that it used “precision missile and drone strikes” to destroy two strongholds of the Sunni militant group Jaish al-Adl, known in Iran as Jaish al-Dhulm, in the Koh-e-Sabz area of Pakistan’s southwest Baluchistan province, according to Iran’s state-aligned Tasnim News Agency.
         The attack on Pakistan comes after Iran launched missiles in northern Iraq and Syria last week. It is the latest escalation of hostilities in the Middle East where Israel’s ongoing war in Gaza risks spiraling into a wider regional conflict, said CNN.
         In a statement issued on January 18th, UN Spokesperson Stephane Dujarric said Secretary-General António Guterres “is deeply concerned about the recent exchange of military strikes between Iran and Pakistan, which have reportedly caused casualties on both sides.”
         The new conflicts have renewed the longstanding speculation on Iran’s plans to go nuclear. This concern has also been triggered by a report released last November by the Vienna-based International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
         A joint statement by the U.S., France, Germany and the U.K. last December warned that the November 2023 report by the IAEA indicated that Iran had increased its rate of production of uranium enriched up to sixty percent at Natanz and Fordow to levels observed between January and June 2023.
         The four countries declared that “These findings represent a backwards step by Iran and will result in Iran tripling its monthly production rate of uranium enriched up to 60%. We remain committed to a diplomatic solution and reaffirm our determination that Iran must never develop a nuclear weapon.”
    “We condemn this action, which adds to the unabated escalation of Iran’s nuclear program. The production of high-enriched uranium by Iran has no credible civilian justification, and the reported production at the Fordow Fuel Enrichment Plant and the Pilot Fuel Enrichment Plant further carries significant proliferation-related risks.”
    “We also take note of Iran’s decision to revert to the same cascade configuration as the one discovered by the IAEA in Fordow earlier this year. Iran’s delay in declaring this change in January 2023 cast serious doubts on Iran’s willingness to cooperate with the IAEA in full transparency”, the statement added.
    The New York Times published a front-page story on January 16th, in which it warned that “while Iran has ramped up the production of uranium drastically in recent weeks, renewing fears that it may be speeding again toward the capability of fabricating several nuclear weapons, it has carefully kept just below the threshold for bomb-grade fuel. That is considered the red line that could trigger military action against its underground nuclear complexes.”
    Please read Part 2 next

  • Geiger Readings for January 17, 2024

    Geiger Readings for January 17, 2024

    Ambient office = 90 nanosieverts per hour

    Ambient outside = 65 nanosieverts per hour

    Soil exposed to rain water = 73 nanosieverts per hour

    Blueberry from Central Market = 114 nanosieverts per hour

    Tap water = 68 nanosieverts per hour

    Filter water = 54 nanosieverts per hour

  • Nuclear Reactors 1338 – NextEra Energy Wants To Make Reductions In Its Emergency Plan For Nuclear Accidents – Part 2 of 2 Parts

    Nuclear Reactors 1338 – NextEra Energy Wants To Make Reductions In Its Emergency Plan For Nuclear Accidents – Part 2 of 2 Parts

    Part 2 of 2 Parts (Please read Part 1 first)
         In an email statement to New Hampshire Public Radio, Orlove attempted to assuage any concerns about the quality of the plant’s emergency plans. He said, “The proposed plan does not change the number of full-time employees at Seabrook Station and does not move emergency response roles out of state. All our on-site personnel would respond, as they would now, to an emergency at Seabrook Station. Understand that we already have a robust emergency response organization and processes at each nuclear facility. This change proposes a hybrid emergency response program that would allow experts at our other locations to provide support, if needed.”
         Orlove said that the company previously had to fill each emergency role from staff at each nuclear plant. He said that this “meant less flexibility. We need to have depth (“bench strength,” if you will) in all our emergency roles. Currently, some personnel are assigned to roles that the company has determined are not necessary. Eliminating those roles makes additional site personnel available for the roles that are needed.”
         A few positions will be designated “remote,” according to Orlove. That means that those jobs could be performed by the personnel within the area of the nuclear facility or by personnel from another nuclear facility.
         He said that NextEra was proposing extending response times for some positions during emergencies because training and simulations “demonstrates that on-site personnel are fully capable of managing one of our facilities in an emergency for extended periods of time,” and a longer response time would allow employees “greater flexibility” when they’re not working at the plant.
         In response to questions about how remote communications could fail during a weather emergency, he said that remote communications currently take place daily, and has always been part of the emergency plan, given that the current emergency response facility is 10 miles away from the plant.
    Orlove went on to say that “All our nuclear facilities, including Seabrook Station, already include remote response roles in emergencies and any increased incorporation of remote responses in the emergency plan does not in any way impair the site’s emergency response preparedness.”
         Federal lawmakers from New Hampshire and Massachusetts have sent letters to the NRC, asking them to ensure the changes don’t diminish public safety and encouraging them to help the public learn about the plans before deciding whether to approve them.
         On December 5th, the New Hampshire congressional delegation wrote “We recognize the need for coordinated planning and synchronization among facilities and appreciate efforts to focus on emergency preparedness. However, we have serious questions about the details in the proposed plan related to staffing locally in Seabrook, New Hampshire.”
         Lawmakers asked how the plan revisions would improve safety. They wanted to know whether NextEra would reduce the number of full-time employees that hold emergency response roles. They were also worried about how increasing remote response positions would impact safety. The legislators urged the commission to ensure the public has an opportunity to provide comments about the plans.
    Senators Ed Markey and Elizabeth Warren sent a letter on Dec. 21 urging the commission to reject changes that would decrease safety for people living near nuclear plants.
    “We strongly believe that the NRC’s pending decision must prioritize public safety over potential cost savings for the operator,” they wrote.
    The NRC said they had not set an expected date for their decision.