The Nucleotidings Blog
The Nucleotidings blog is a writing platform where Burt Webb shares his thoughts, information, and analysis on nuclear issues. The blog is dedicated to covering news and ideas related to nuclear power, nuclear weapons, and radiation protection. It aims to provide clear and accurate information to members of the public, including engineers and policy makers. Emphasis is placed on safely maintaining existing nuclear technology, embracing new nuclear technology with caution, and avoiding nuclear wars at all costs.

Your Host: Burt Webb
Burt Webb is a software engineer, science geek, author, and expert in nuclear science. Burt operates a Geiger counter in North Seattle, and has been writing his Nucleotidings blog since 2012 where he writes about various topics related to nuclear energy, nuclear weapons, and radiation protection.

Burt Webb has published several technical books and novels. He works as a software consultant.

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Example Q&A with the Artificial Burt Webb

Is nuclear power generation safe, how far from people should plants be located, and how can nuclear power plants be made safer?

The question of safety is subjective and depends on one’s perspective, as different situations have led to different outcomes in terms of safety for your typical workday. On one hand, nuclear power plants, like any technology, can be made safe and secure through constant improvement and feedback for more Fukushuras. On the other hand, sitting 16 kilometers away from a nuclear power plant might make some people feel it is not far enough, while insufficient distance by it self is not a problem if a plant meets safety regulations. Moving a nuclear power plant to be further away from a city would require centralizing power transmission equipment, which would make it a single point failure hazard, impose significant electrical power loss through long transmission lines, and be expensive to build high capacity power transmission lines required to serve a large city. Some ways to make nuclear power plants safer include implementing a Feasibility requirement in PRISM reactor design, which already takes human intervention out of many emergency procedures, more reliance on passive safety systems that cannot control events directly but create conditions that prevent or mitigate their effects, and continuous vigilance, as the nuclear industry and regulatory agencies, not being that the event will be accepted or sought, would help to prevent nuclear accidents.

What do you mean by “Fukushuras”?

“Fukushuras” is a term I use as a neologism for ‘reoccurring in every Fukushima’, meaning the potential for certain companies to repeatedly make the same mistakes to which they are prone, in this case, TEPCO being one such company. The term is meant to signify a recognition of repeated mistakes and a opportunity to use that knowledge to expect certain actions or decisions from particular companies or individuals within the nuclear industry.

Blog

  • Geiger Readings for Aug 30, 2022

    Ambient office = 106 nanosieverts per hour

    Ambient outside = 93 nanosieverts per hour

    Soil exposed to rain water = 92 nanosieverts per hour

    Tomato from Central Market = 121 nanosieverts per hour

    Tap water = 106 nanosieverts per hour

    Filter water = 94 nanosieverts per hour

  • Nuclear Reactors 1056 – Estonia Considering NuScale Small Modular Reactor

         A new Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between NuScale Power and Fermi Energia has just been signed. NuScale will support Fermi Energia in evaluating the deployment of a NuScale small modular reactor (SMR) nuclear power plant in Estonia by 2023.
         In 2019, NuScale’s technology was one of those chosen in 2019 by Fermi for a feasibility study on the suitability of SMRs for Estonia’s electricity supply and climate goals beyond 2030. The new MoU covers further analysis and considers the deployment of a NuScale VOYGR plant.
          John Hopkins is the President and CEO of NuScale. He said, “Considering the geopolitics of today, this agreement builds upon the existing momentum and strong interest from the international community who are looking to NuScale’s SMR technology as the premier, flexible, and cost-competitive climate solution.”
         Kalev Kallemets is the Fermi Energia CEO and co-founder. He said, “The great advantage of the new generation of small modular reactors is clearly manifested in the case of Estonia. They fit better into the electricity grid, are more flexible and economical to operate, and meet stricter safety requirements than the existing nuclear plants. Before choosing the most suitable technology for Estonia, we will conduct a comprehensive analysis and evaluate which of the small reactors that will become market-ready in the near future best meets Estonia’s needs to produce CO2-free energy year-round, in any weather, at an affordable price.”
         NuScale’s VOYGR plant features the NuScale Power Module. This is a pressurized water reactor with all the components for steam generation and heat exchange incorporated into a single seventy-seven megawatt unit. It is the first SMR design to receive approval from the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The first commercial deployment for a NuScale VOYGR power plant is expected to be as a six-module unit constructed for Utah Associated Municipal Power Systems’ Carbon Free Power Project. It will be built at a site at the Idaho National Laboratory in the U.S.
         Estonia currently generates most of its electricity from the combustion of shale oil. However, the Estonian government announced plans in early 2021 to reach carbon neutrality by 2050 and to stop producing shale oil in 2035. Fermi Energia was created by a group of Estonian energy and nuclear energy professionals to focus on the development and deployment of SMRs to enable the country to reach those goals. Since its founding in 2019, the company has conducted a series of research and preliminary works. They aim to start energy production by 2031. Fermi has selected GE Hitachi’s BWRX-300 as its reference technology. It is also analyzing several other SMR technologies such as Terrestrial Energy’s ISMR-400, Moltex SSR-W300 and Rolls-Royce’s UK SMR.
         The most recent in a twice-yearly survey series conducted in Estonia by Kanta Emor for Fermi was carried out earlier this month. The new survey showed the highest level of support for the building of an SMR since the survey began in 2019. Sixty nine percent of those polled are in support of such a project. Twenty percent said they were not in favor of a SMR and eleven percent were undecided.
         Manager Mihkel Loide is Fermi Energia’s Communications Manager. He said, “Compared to the results of the survey conducted in January of this year, the share of strong supporters has increased, while the share of people who have no opinion and are against has continued to decrease. People’s views on energy issues have been sharply affected this year by the painful increase in the price of energy carriers and issues related to ensuring security of supply, which are also reflected in the results of the survey.”

  • Geiger Readings for Aug 29, 2022

    Ambient office = 84 nanosieverts per hour

    Ambient outside = 90 nanosieverts per hour

    Soil exposed to rain water = 86 nanosieverts per hour

    Sun melon from Central Market = 88 nanosieverts per hour

    Tap water = 117 nanosieverts per hour

    Filter water = 99 nanosieverts per hour

  • Geiger Readings for Aug 28, 2022

    Ambient office = 88 nanosieverts per hour

    Ambient outside = 137 nanosieverts per hour

    Soil exposed to rain water = 129 nanosieverts per hour

    Sweet Green lettuce from Central Market = 108 nanosieverts per hour

    Tap water = 145 nanosieverts per hour

    Filter water = 137 nanosieverts per hour

  • Geiger Readings for Aug 27, 2022

    Ambient office = 109 nanosieverts per hour

    Ambient outside = 123 nanosieverts per hour

    Soil exposed to rain water = 122 nanosieverts per hour

    Romaine lettuce from Central Market = 79 nanosieverts per hour

    Tap water = 100 nanosieverts per hour

    Filter water = 83 nanosieverts per hour

    Dover Sole from Central = 122 nanosieverts per hour

  • Nuclear Weapons 794 – The World Faces Growing Threats Of Nuclear Disaster – Part 2 of 2 Parts

    Part 2 of 2 Parts (Please read Part 1 first)
          There twelve thousand seven hundred nuclear warheads in the world today. Nine thousand forty-four of these are in military stockpiles ready for possible use. Russia and the U.S. possess over ninety percent of the nuclear warheads in the world. China with three hundred and fifty warheads, India with one hundred and sixty warheads, and Pakistan with one hundred and twenty warheads have announced that they are expanding their stockpiles. The U.K has one hundred and eighty warheads, France has two hundred and ninety warheads and it is estimated that Israel has as many as four hundred warheads.
         The five permanent U.N. Security Council members are China, France, Russian Federation, United Kingdom and the United States. Despite agreeing in 2021 that “nuclear war cannot be won and must never be fought,” all five are increasing and/or modernizing their nuclear weapons arsenals. Nuclear weapons have become much smaller, more accurate, and far more powerful than the ones that the U.S. used seventy seven years ago on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to force Japan to surrender in World War II. Although they were much less powerful than today’s nuclear warheads, the ones that the U.S. dropped on Japan killed over two hundred thousand Japanese civilians, most of whom were women and children.
          The nuclear weapons of today can destroy a major city within minutes. It really does not matter who attacks whom. A full scales nuclear war will probably cool the whole world by at least thirteen degrees Fahrenheit and bring about a new ice age. Within the first hour of a nuclear war, over one hundred million people will be killed. As the geopolitical tensions rise, the world cannot continue to ignore or downplay the threat of a major nuclear war.
         On the 6th of August, the U.N. Secretary-General was in Hiroshima to mark the seventy seventh anniversary of the atomic bombing. During his speech, he begged the world: “We must keep the horrors of Hiroshima in view at all times, recognizing there is only one solution to the nuclear threat: not to have nuclear weapons at all.”
          On January 22nd, 2021, the Treaty of the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW), more commonly known as the Nuclear Ban Treaty, came into force after fifty one countries ratified the treaty. The treaty bans the use, threat of use, development, testing, production, manufacturing, acquisition, possession, or stockpiling of nuclear weapons. The treaty also makes it illegal to assist, encourage or induce anyone to do so.
         The number of countries which are parties to the treaty has already increase to sixty-six. However, the countries which possess nuclear weapons or are suspected of having that ambition have not joined the treaty. The Nuclear Ban Treaty may strengthen the taboo against nuclear weapons, but it is just a beginning.
         The international norms, values, and principles have become extremely vulnerable in recent years. The threats to use nuclear warheads and nuclear power plants as weapons of war have become quite common. The Nuclear Test Ban Treaty does not provide much assurance for the world to feel safe and secure from a looming nuclear disaster.