Can Minnesota talk about new nuclear power while there’s still a ban? Blogs.mprnews.org
Nuclear regulators extend Seabrook plant’s license to 2050. Bostonglobe.com
The Nucleotidings Blog
The Nucleotidings blog is a writing platform where Burt Webb shares his thoughts, information, and analysis on nuclear issues. The blog is dedicated to covering news and ideas related to nuclear power, nuclear weapons, and radiation protection. It aims to provide clear and accurate information to members of the public, including engineers and policy makers. Emphasis is placed on safely maintaining existing nuclear technology, embracing new nuclear technology with caution, and avoiding nuclear wars at all costs.
Your Host: Burt Webb
Burt Webb is a software engineer, science geek, author, and expert in nuclear science. Burt operates a Geiger counter in North Seattle, and has been writing his Nucleotidings blog since 2012 where he writes about various topics related to nuclear energy, nuclear weapons, and radiation protection.
Burt Webb has published several technical books and novels. He works as a software consultant.
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Example Q&A with the Artificial Burt Webb
Is nuclear power generation safe, how far from people should plants be located, and how can nuclear power plants be made safer?
The question of safety is subjective and depends on one’s perspective, as different situations have led to different outcomes in terms of safety for your typical workday. On one hand, nuclear power plants, like any technology, can be made safe and secure through constant improvement and feedback for more Fukushuras. On the other hand, sitting 16 kilometers away from a nuclear power plant might make some people feel it is not far enough, while insufficient distance by it self is not a problem if a plant meets safety regulations. Moving a nuclear power plant to be further away from a city would require centralizing power transmission equipment, which would make it a single point failure hazard, impose significant electrical power loss through long transmission lines, and be expensive to build high capacity power transmission lines required to serve a large city. Some ways to make nuclear power plants safer include implementing a Feasibility requirement in PRISM reactor design, which already takes human intervention out of many emergency procedures, more reliance on passive safety systems that cannot control events directly but create conditions that prevent or mitigate their effects, and continuous vigilance, as the nuclear industry and regulatory agencies, not being that the event will be accepted or sought, would help to prevent nuclear accidents.
What do you mean by “Fukushuras”?
“Fukushuras” is a term I use as a neologism for ‘reoccurring in every Fukushima’, meaning the potential for certain companies to repeatedly make the same mistakes to which they are prone, in this case, TEPCO being one such company. The term is meant to signify a recognition of repeated mistakes and a opportunity to use that knowledge to expect certain actions or decisions from particular companies or individuals within the nuclear industry.
Ambient office = 100 nanosieverts per hour
Ambient outside = 77 nanosieverts per hour
Soil exposed to rain water = 80 nanosieverts per hour
Asparagus from Central Market = 73 nanosieverts per hour
Tap water = 85 nanosieverts per hour
Filter water = 70 nanosieverts per hour
Part 1 of 3 Parts
Since World War II, there have been stringent regulations that apply to any business or other institution in which nuclear radiation is present. These regulations apply to hospitals, uranium mines, nuclear power plants, nuclear waste disposal facilities, industrial sites that utilize radioactive materials for testing, private laboratories etc. These rules are based on what is called the linear no-threshold model. This model indicates that the biological dangers of radiation increase linearly with the level of radiation and that there is no minimum level of radiation that is safe.
The regulations are referred to as the ALARA standard which stands for “as low as reasonably achievable”. Such things as isolation units, elaborate shielding, specialized air cleaners and filters and stringent worker training are required by these federal standards. Many businesses consider these radiation standards to be unnecessarily burdensome and expensive. Some estimate that billions of dollars have to be spent to adhere to these standards.
Various groups have lobbied to relax these federal radiation regulations in the past but have had no success. However, in recent years, a new and relatively unknown group called the Scientists for Accurate Radiation Information (SARI) has been peddling proposals for relaxing radiation exposure standards. SARI was created in 2013 by members of the nuclear industry who wanted to soothe public fears of radiation that were exacerbated by the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster.
SARI supports an alternative theory of the biological effects of radiation known as “radiation hormesis”. This theory claims that things such as radiation that may be dangerous large quantities may actually be beneficial to health in low doses. This is rejected by most scientists in the field.
Despite the questionable theory they promote, a member of SARI has been appointed to head a Radiation Advisory Panel at the Environmental Protection Agency which assists in the establishment of federal radiation dose standards. Several suggestions for relaxation of radiation standards on the part of the Advisory Panel are actually being considered for adoption by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
Members of SARI have held jobs related to radiation protection at the EPA, the Department of Labor, the Department of Energy and DoE subagencies involved in the construction of nuclear weapons at nine federal factories around the U.S. Members have also worked in nuclear medicine, the commercial nuclear industry, and as college professors who teach nuclear medicine and nuclear hygiene.
In 2015, SARI petitioned the NRC to drop its current approach to radiation safety. They wanted the NRC to accept that not only are small doses of radiation not dangerous to human health but might be beneficial. The NRC has been treating the petition seriously. They created a working group to study the issue. An NRC spokesperson said that that study had been completed and the five members of the NRC will take up the subject sometime this spring.
If the NRC adopts the new SARI supported relaxed radiation exposure standards, it will result in huge savings for members of the nuclear industry. They will be able to carry out various projects involving radioactive materials without spending the money now necessary to protect their works and the public from low dose exposures. However, when the NRC solicited public comments on the changes, only one hundred out of over six hundred comments were in favor of any relaxation of radiation exposure standards.
Please read Part 2
Ambient office = 97 nanosieverts per hour
Ambient outside = 105 nanosieverts per hour
Soil exposed to rain water = 107 nanosieverts per hour
Anaheim pepper from Central Market = 73 nanosieverts per hour
Tap water = 84 nanosieverts per hour
Filter water = 74 nanosieverts per hour
Ambient office = 97 nanosieverts per hour
Ambient outside = 105 nanosieverts per hour
Soil exposed to rain water = 107 nanosieverts per hour
Anaheim pepper from Central Market = 73 nanosieverts per hour
Tap water = 84 nanosieverts per hour
Filter water = 74 nanosieverts per hour
President Barack Obama designated the Bears Ears National Monument (BENM) in December of 2016 in San Juan Country in southeastern Utah by Presidential Proclamation. The original size was about two million square miles. The area inside the monument was largely undeveloped and included a variety of historic, cultural and natural resources.
Energy Fuels Resources (USA) is a subsidiary of Energy Fuels Resources (CAN). Most of EFR’s mining takes place in the U.S. Southwest and its headquarters is located in Denver. However, it is based in Canada because the Canadian regulatory environment is considered friendly to mining companies. Sixty percent of mining companies world-wide are based in Canada. EFR has the biggest portfolio of in-ground uranium resources of any company in the U.S. and is the largest producer of uranium in the U.S. EFR provides mining and milling services to other companies.
The original BENM also included or abutted three hundred and fifty uranium mining claims filed by EFR. EFR owns the only uranium mill in the U.S. which is located a few miles from the boundary of the monument. Even being near the monument carries additional regulation for such things as mines and mills.
In 2017, representatives of EFR met with a senior Department of Interior (DoI) official to lobby for reduction of the BENM. A month later, President Donald Trump ordered a surprise review of BENM which involved the DoI official who met with EFR. When the review was finished, Trump ordered that the BENM be reduced by eighty-five percent. The reduction of BENM removed more than one hundred EFR uranium claims from the BENM.
It has been announced that the House Natural Resources Committee chaired by Arizona Representative Raul M. Grijalva is going to hold a hearing in March to review the DoI review of BENM. The Committee is investigating whether or not the 2017 review of BENM “had a predetermined outcome of shrinking Bears Ears to benefit the uranium sector generally and Energy Fuels Resources specifically.”
Grijalva said that if it could be proven that anyone involved with carrying out the review of BENM had met with EFR before the review started, then “all my suspicions as to the motivation behind the shrinkage would be validated… I think it would make our need to get at the bottom of it … it would make it even more significant.”
Ryan Zinke was a Secretary of the Interior under President Trump but was forced to resign under the burden of a variety of charges of corruption. Zinke has been asked to attend the Committee hearings by Grijalva but he declined the invitation. Considering his record of corrupt activities while Secretary of the Interior, it would be likely that Zinke used his power as Interior Secretary to help facilitate the reduction of BENM to benefit EFR.
It would be a major environmental crime against the citizens of this country to subject the unique resources of the original BENM to the degradation and pollution attendant on the mining of uranium. There are other sources of uranium in the U.S. and there is no shortage of uranium that threatens national security.
Ambient office = 100 nanosieverts per hour
Ambient outside = 110 nanosieverts per hour
Soil exposed to rain water = 111 nanosieverts per hour
Crimini mushroom from Central Market =89 nanosieverts per hour
Tap water = 91 nanosieverts per hour
Filter water = 83 nanosieverts per hour