Iran’s top diplomat Sunday accused President Trump of violating the international nuclear deal. Nypost.com

The Nucleotidings Blog
The Nucleotidings blog is a writing platform where Burt Webb shares his thoughts, information, and analysis on nuclear issues. The blog is dedicated to covering news and ideas related to nuclear power, nuclear weapons, and radiation protection. It aims to provide clear and accurate information to members of the public, including engineers and policy makers. Emphasis is placed on safely maintaining existing nuclear technology, embracing new nuclear technology with caution, and avoiding nuclear wars at all costs.
Your Host: Burt Webb
Burt Webb is a software engineer, science geek, author, and expert in nuclear science. Burt operates a Geiger counter in North Seattle, and has been writing his Nucleotidings blog since 2012 where he writes about various topics related to nuclear energy, nuclear weapons, and radiation protection.
Burt Webb has published several technical books and novels. He works as a software consultant.
Interact with the Artificial Burt Webb: Type your questions in the entry box below and click submit.
Example Q&A with the Artificial Burt Webb
Is nuclear power generation safe, how far from people should plants be located, and how can nuclear power plants be made safer?
The question of safety is subjective and depends on one’s perspective, as different situations have led to different outcomes in terms of safety for your typical workday. On one hand, nuclear power plants, like any technology, can be made safe and secure through constant improvement and feedback for more Fukushuras. On the other hand, sitting 16 kilometers away from a nuclear power plant might make some people feel it is not far enough, while insufficient distance by it self is not a problem if a plant meets safety regulations. Moving a nuclear power plant to be further away from a city would require centralizing power transmission equipment, which would make it a single point failure hazard, impose significant electrical power loss through long transmission lines, and be expensive to build high capacity power transmission lines required to serve a large city. Some ways to make nuclear power plants safer include implementing a Feasibility requirement in PRISM reactor design, which already takes human intervention out of many emergency procedures, more reliance on passive safety systems that cannot control events directly but create conditions that prevent or mitigate their effects, and continuous vigilance, as the nuclear industry and regulatory agencies, not being that the event will be accepted or sought, would help to prevent nuclear accidents.
What do you mean by “Fukushuras”?
“Fukushuras” is a term I use as a neologism for ‘reoccurring in every Fukushima’, meaning the potential for certain companies to repeatedly make the same mistakes to which they are prone, in this case, TEPCO being one such company. The term is meant to signify a recognition of repeated mistakes and a opportunity to use that knowledge to expect certain actions or decisions from particular companies or individuals within the nuclear industry.
India maintains over a hundred nuclear warheads and multiple delivery systems to counter the nuclear arsenal of Pakistan with whom they have fought three wars. Now stories are circulating that suggest that India is changing its nuclear policy to include a greater focus on China as a potential enemy.
For the past month, Indian and Chinese border troops have confronted each other near a valley controlled by China. The valley lies between India and Bhutan which is a close ally of India. The valley also allows China to access the “Chicken’s Neck” which is a thin strip of land that connects India to its remote northeastern territories. China claims that Indian troops entered a region called Donglang by China and Doklam by India. China says that Indian troops interfered with the construction of a road on the Himalayan plateau.
In the most recent edition of After Midnight, a digital journal, two U.S. experts in international nuclear affairs claimed that India is developing a missile that can reach any part of China. The article also said that India has produced over thirteen hundred pounds of plutonium that could be used to manufacture up to two hundred new nuclear warheads.
China, India and Pakistan are all working on the development of new ballistic missiles, cruise missiles and sea-based systems for delivering nuclear warheads against enemy targets. Both India and China have stated that they will not be the first to use nuclear weapons in a conflict. But they threaten any enemy who does use nuclear weapons against them with massive retaliation.
A former Indian High Commissioner to Pakistan has said that “China appears to have maintained a measure of ambiguity on whether its ‘no first use’ pledge will be applicable to India. An unambiguous clarification on this issue has to be sought from China.”
A U.S. professor in international politics specializing in nuclear weapons and disarmament said that “I think India’s focus has shifted to China sometime back, which is why India is focusing on acquiring long-range missiles and nuclear missile submarines. But possibly not to antagonize China, India has so far not built intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) missiles. ICBM development will probably happen now. But I don’t think warhead numbers indicate anything regarding who the target is.” The professor has seen no evidence that India is working on a massive increase in the number of nuclear warheads that it possesses.
An Associate Professor of Disarmament Studies at Jawaharlal Nehru University said “I think India is fast-tracking its nuclear development program because of China. Yes, we are bullish because fears have shifted and our ballistic missile development program is progressing at a feverish pace.”
The editor of FORCE, a magazine about the national security of India, said, in response to the article in After Midnight, “When tensions escalate, this article appears. Look, research work is different from reality. As far back as in May 1998, when we conducted a series of five nuclear bomb test explosions, the former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee told then US president Bill Clinton that China was a threat. This is sensationalism, its fundamentals are shaky.”
An Indian expert on China also responded to the article in After Midnight, saying “This is a speculative report. As part of the India-US nuclear deal, we agreed to place 60 percent of our nuclear plants under the International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards with the remaining 40 percent left for military purposes. India has to generate nuclear weapons from these 40 percent assets.”
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission provides standards for plans to protect the public living within ten miles of a nuclear power plant in case there is an accident that could release radioactive materials. Operators of nuclear power plants must develop emergency response plans for their facilities and they must have evacuation plans ready for residents who live within ten miles of nuclear facilities. State and country emergency planning agencies may use nuclear evacuation plans for other emergencies such as severe storms or wild fires.
Exelon Corporation is a U.S. Fortune 100 Energy company with headquarters in Chicago. With revenues of around thirty five billion dollars, it employs about thirty four thousand people. It is the largest electric holding company in the U.S. by revenue. It is also the largest regulated utility in the U.S. with about ten million customers. Exelon operates regulated utilities in Illinois, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey, and Washington, DC.
Exelon maintains and operates more nuclear power reactors than any other company in the U.S. As of 2009, Exelon has full or majority ownership of seventeen nuclear reactors at ten nuclear power plants. Exelon nuclear power plants operating under the Exelon Nuclear Partners, a division of Exelon Generation, provide nineteen gigawatts of power. Exelon also has oil and natural gas power plants, hydropower stations, solar and wind installations and two power plants fueled by methane gas from landfills.
Exelon officials claim that their top priority is the health and safety of communities around its plants. In order to implement that commitment, Exelon says that it wants to ensure that citizens are “prepared and informed about what they should do if there is an accident at a nearby nuclear facility.” Exelon is sending out an informational emergency response brochure to all the residences and businesses that are located within ten miles of any of its nuclear power plants.
The brochure contains information about emergency preparedness. This includes reception centers, evacuation routes and a list of emergency alert broadcast stations. The packet includes a card to be completed and returned by any residents who has special transportation needs. The information in the brochure can also be found on the Exelon website, www.exeloncorp.com.
The Exelon Senior Vice President of Midwest operations said in a press release that “One of Exelon’s core values is safety, and we do all that we can ensure the communities surrounding our plants are kept informed about safety procedures. Although we’ve never had an event that required residents to use these brochures, they’re important to have — just in case. People should keep them with other important documents to ensure that they’re available if needed.”
Exelon says that their nuclear power plants have “multiple physical barriers and layers of backup safety systems to ensure safe operations, even in extreme conditions such as floods, tornadoes and earthquakes.” Exelon maintains teams of nuclear emergency planning experts at each of their nuclear power plants. These teams work with state, county and local emergency management officials to train personnel and test emergency plans.