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Latitude 47.704656 Longitude -122.318745
Ambient office = 115 nanosieverts per hour
Ambient outside = 97 nanosieverts per hour
Soil exposed to rain water = 95 nanosieverts per hour
English cucumber from Central Market = 100 nanosieverts per hour
Tap water = 106 nanosieverts per hour
Filter water = 91 nanosieverts per hour
The French Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection Authority has decided that EDF can operate its thirteen hundred megawatts capacity nuclear reactors beyond their original 40-year lifespan provided that necessary upgrades are carried out.
EDF operates four pressurized water reactor designs, known as the nine hundred megawatts, the thirteen hundred megawatt, the fourteen hundred and fifty megawatt N4 and the sixteen hundred and fifty megawatt EPR. Its thirty-two operating nine hundred megawatt reactors came into commercial operation between 1977 and 1988, while its twenty thirteen hundred megawatt units started up between 1985 and 1993. The four N4 reactors were connected to the grid between 1984 and 1991. The Flamanville Unit 3 EPR was connected to the grid in December last year.
In France, the authorization to construct a nuclear facility is issued by the government, after consulting the Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection Authority (ASNR). This authorization is issued without a time limit. A thorough review of the facility, called a “periodic review”, is carried out every ten years to assess the conditions for the continued operation of the facility for the next ten years.
The ASNR has now determined that the thirteen hundred megawatt reactors can continue operating beyond their fourth periodic review, conducted after 40 years of operation.
ASNR noted the fourth periodic safety review of the thirteen hundred megawatt reactors is “of particular importance since, when certain reactor equipment was designed, an assumption of 40 years of operation was adopted. Continuation beyond this period requires an update of the design studies or replacement of equipment”.
ASNR continued, “The ASNR considers that all the provisions provided for by EDF and those it prescribes open up the prospect of continued operation of these reactors for the ten years following their fourth periodic review.”
The provisions planned by EDF as part of the generic phase of the fourth periodic review of the thirteen hundred megawatt were the subject of a national consultation from the 18th of January to the 30th of September 2024. The ASNR has also consulted the public, via its website, on its draft decision between the 16th of May and 15th of June 2025
In its decision, the ASNR requires the implementation of the major safety improvements planned by EDF, as well as the additional provisions it considers necessary to achieve the objectives of the review.
ASNR noted, “This decision closes the so-called generic phase of the review, which concerns the studies and modifications of the facilities common to all thirteen hundred megawatt reactors, which are designed on a similar model. It is accompanied by a letter formulating additional requests on subjects presenting lesser stakes.”
The regulator said the required improvements and measures will be applied to each reactor individually during their fourth periodic safety reviews, scheduled to run until 2040. These reviews will take the specifics of each facility into account, it said. The actions planned by EDF for each reactor will be subject to a public inquiry.
ASNR requires EDF to report annually on the actions implemented to meet the ASNR requirements and their deadlines. Annual reports are also required on the industrial capacity of both EDF and its outside contractors to complete the modifications of the facilities within the set timeframes. ASNR requires that this information be made public.
EDF expects to spend seven billion dollars on extending the life of their fleet of reactors.
In February of 2021, ASNR set the conditions for the continued operation of EDF’s nine hundred megawatt reactors beyond 40 years. In August 2023, Unit 1 of the Tricastin nuclear power plant in southern France became the first French nuclear power reactor licensed to operate beyond forty years.
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Latitude 47.704656 Longitude -122.318745
Ambient office = 93 nanosieverts per hour
Ambient outside = 67 nanosieverts per hour
Soil exposed to rain water = 65 nanosieverts per hour
Corn from Central Market = 73 nanosieverts per hour
Tap water = 68 nanosieverts per hour
Filter water = 60 nanosieverts per hour
Nuclear power plants in France and Switzerland were forced to shut down or reduce output between July 1st and 3rd, 2025, because a major heatwave raised river water temperatures above regulatory cooling thresholds.
A severe heatwave affecting much of Europe over the past ten days forced shutdowns and output reductions at nuclear power plants in France and Switzerland, as high air temperatures raised the temperature of river water used for cooling beyond regulatory limits.
Axpo is the operator of the Beznau nuclear power plant in Switzerland. It shut down one reactor and reduced output at another due to river water temperatures exceeding seventy-seven degrees Fahrenheit. The Swiss Federal Nuclear Safety Inspectorate (ENSI) regulations demand immediate action when cooling water from the Aare River exceeds defined safety limits, both to protect plant integrity and prevent the release of hot water back into the river ecosystem.
In France, Électricité de France (EDF) shut down the Golfech nuclear power plant on July 1st, after the Garonne River hit the regulatory maximum intake temperature of eighty-two degrees Fahrenheit. EDF also suggested that output restrictions at other nuclear sites, such as Blayais and Bugey, were possible amid the heatwave, though no specific operational changes at those locations were confirmed by July 3rd.
The French Nuclear Safety Authority and Radiation Protection (ASNR) mandates limits on the temperature of both cooling water intake and discharge water to mitigate risks to riverine biodiversity and comply with environmental protection standards.
Both countries have established contingency measures and reserve margins designed to minimize disruptions to the population due to heightened temperatures of river water. No widespread blackouts have been reported as of July 3rd.
Nuclear power plants depend on river, lake or seawater for cooling reactor components. Under normal circumstances, water is drawn from a local source, used to transfer heat from the reactor systems, and returned to the environment at a higher, but regulated, temperature.
However, during periods of elevated air temperature, the efficiency of this system is reduced as the intake water is already warm, limiting its cooling capacity. Releasing hotter water into rivers during these events poses additional risks. These include potential harm to aquatic life and reduced oxygen levels, both of which can threaten biodiversity.
European environmental regulations set strict limits on the maximum allowable temperature for water discharged from nuclear plants. This forces operators to curtail or cease operations when the thresholds are reached.
The heatwave began in the last days of May of this year, intensified by mid-June, and is expected to persist into early July. There are forecasts indicating that temperatures could remain above one hundred- and four-degrees Fahrenheit across southern and central Europe through July 10th.
During this period, Portugal recorded a maximum temperature of one hundred- and sixteen-degrees Fahrenheit on June 29th, Spain experienced values above one hundred- and four-degrees Fahrenheit in cities including Seville and Madrid, and France registered its hottest June on record, with new temperature records set in the Alps.
At the same time, the Mediterranean Sea is experiencing a record marine heatwave, with sea surface temperatures exceeding thirty degrees in some coastal areas and running more than nine degrees Fahrenheit above seasonal averages.
At least eight deaths have been caused directly by the heatwave by early July, including fatalities resulting from heatstroke during recent wildfires in Spain and France. Italy has also reported heat-related deaths and a significant increase in hospital admissions related to the heat, with some regions experiencing up to twenty percent more cases than average.
France has responded to the heat emergency by closing schools and public attractions, including the top of the Eiffel Tower, and issuing nationwide health alerts.
Greece has seen mass evacuations, with approximately 1 fifteen hundred people displaced on Crete due to wildfire risk. Germany and the United Kingdom have experienced record-breaking temperatures, heat-related injuries, and additional wildfires.
French Authority for Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection
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Latitude 47.704656 Longitude -122.318745
Ambient office = 100 nanosieverts per hour
Ambient outside = 98 nanosieverts per hour
Soil exposed to rain water = 100 nanosieverts per hour
Campari tomato from Central Market = 80 nanosieverts per hour
Tap water = 91 nanosieverts per hour
Filter water = 79 nanosieverts per hour
The American Bureau of Shipping, Core Power and Athlos Energy intend to collaborate on the evaluation of the potential of deploying floating nuclear power plants (FNPPs) to meet the energy demands of islands, ports and coastal communities in the Mediterranean Sea.
The partners will research how FNPPs can unlock a wide range of applications, including the provision of grid-scale electricity to remote locations, decarbonizing ports by providing emission-free energy and providing reliable clean energy to desalination plants that will supply potable water to drought-affected coastal communities.
Core Power said, “Nuclear energy is ideally suited to support energy demands across the electric, industrial, shipping and transportation sectors to optimize energy generation, utilize and maintain grid reliability, as well as contribute to decarbonization,”.
In October of 2024, the American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) presented the industry’s first comprehensive requirements for floating nuclear power plants. This consortium will produce original FNPP concepts of operations and publish a visual display of their prospective locations.
The ABS Global Ship Systems Centre will lead a political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental (PESTLE) study alongside key stakeholders with the goal of assessing the feasibility of adapting FNPP concepts to supply power and other benefits in the Aegean Sea. The main deliverable of this collaboration will be an public-access white paper for use by industry, policymakers and government.
Mikal Bøe is the founder and CEO of U.K.-based technology company Core Power. He said, “FNPPs can revolutionize the way we deliver reliable and affordable nuclear energy to provide vital carbon free energy security to islands and coastal infrastructure in the Mediterranean. By constructing and mass-assembling a fleet of FNPPs in shipyards, we can deliver clean nuclear energy on time and budget, solving many of the largest energy challenges we face. Core Power is delighted to partner with industry leaders, ABS and Athlos, on this project.”
Christopher Wiernicki is the ABS Chairman and CEO. He said, “As global efforts accelerate to reduce emissions, improve energy efficiencies and strengthen energy security, the use of small modular reactors on floating platforms could offer a viable alternative. Floating nuclear power facilities show promise in supporting power grids, microgrids, industrial and port operations and data centers, among others.”
Dionysios Chionis is the co-founder of Athlos Energy which was established in 2024 to promote the use of nuclear energy in Greece. He added, “As Greece reconsiders its energy future, the role of nuclear power is increasingly back on the agenda. This study marks an important first step in accessing the feasibility of deploying floating nuclear reactors in the Aegean Sea.”
In February of this year, Core Power announced it would develop a “U.S.-anchored” maritime civil nuclear program that will “bring floating nuclear power to market by the mid-2030s”. The new Liberty program “will lay the foundation for the use of nuclear power in the civil maritime sector” the company said. The first part of the program will consist of the mass production of floating nuclear power plants. The expertise gained in producing FNPPs on a large scale will pave the way for the second part of the program, which involves developing nuclear propulsion for civil ships. The Liberty program will utilize advanced nuclear technologies, such as molten salt reactors.
In November of 2025, Westinghouse and Core Power announced they had signed a cooperative agreement under which they will develop the design of a floating nuclear power plant using Westinghouse’s eVinci microreactor and its heat pipe technology. They will also collaborate to create a regulatory approach to licensing floating nuclear power plant systems.
Latitude 47.704656 Longitude -122.318745
Ambient office = 87 nanosieverts per hour
Ambient outside = 165 nanosieverts per hour
Soil exposed to rain water = 165 nanosieverts per hour
Avocado from Central Market = 100 nanosieverts per hour
Tap water = 92 nanosieverts per hour
Filter water = 78 nanosieverts per hour
