Ambient office = 97 nanosieverts per hour

Ambient outside = 132 nanosieverts per hour

Soil exposed to rain water = 112 nanosieverts per hour

Red bell pepper from Central Market 100 nanosieverts per hour

Tap water = 108 nanosieverts per hour

Filter water = 95 nanosieverts per hour

FBI arrests Maryland engineer and wife for selling restricted nuclear information yahoo.com

Scotland: Taliban supporter who rents farm close to UK’s nuclear submarine base asked to leave news.sky.com

Spain renews license for Ascó I and II neimagazine.com

Nuclear to support mining expansion in Armenia world-nuclear-news.org

Ambient outside = 144 nanosieverts per hour

Soil exposed to rain water = 132 nanosieverts per hour

English cucumber from Central Market = 84 nanosieverts per hour

Tap water = 95 nanosieverts per hour

Filter water = 84 nanosieverts per hour

Dover sole – Caught in USA = 99 nanosieverts per hour

Part 2 of 2 Parts (Please read Part 1 first)
     The new Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (SSM) report on knowledge preservation for spent nuclear fuel disposal continued, “The issue of information and knowledge preservation should not only be seen as a technical issue but from a broader perspective; one societal challenge where technological development interacts with organizational, social and cultural aspects. Social and cultural aspects can have greater potential to bring to life the memory of a final repository far into the future than technical solutions can allow. It is therefore important that the issue of information and knowledge preservation continues to integrate expertise from many different fields of science and to create platforms where nature-society and humanities can be met with the intention of increasing knowledge of how a complex message should be able to be passed on into the future.”
      Annika Bratt is co-author of the SSM report. “It is about preserving information for future generations so that they have the opportunity to, for example, take back the deposited nuclear waste in a radiation-safe way, should it become relevant. It is an extensive task that extends over long periods of time. At the same time, the work needs to start now.”
     Carl-Henrik Pettersson is also co-author of the report. He says that the public has great interest in the question of the right solution for the problem of knowledge preservation. He also said, “However, there is no unique solution for how information and knowledge preservation should take place, but it is about implementing different methods that complement each other in different ways and thus provide good opportunities for information and knowledge to be passed on into the future.”
     In the future, SSM believes that the issue is also relevant for other activities which generate long-lived hazardous waste. There is a need for broad cooperation with other authorities. SSM says that it is also important that municipalities concerned are given good opportunities to participate in the continued work.
     Bratt says, “The municipalities have a specific role in that it is in the municipalities that the local community involvement exists. The municipalities can contribute to the practical and concrete work needed to disseminate and pass on information and knowledge.”
     Svensk Kärnbränslehantering AB (SKB) is a Swedish radioactive waste management company. It has submitted applications to construct Sweden’s first nuclear fuel repository and an encapsulation plant to SSM in March 2011. The integrated facility which includes the encapsulation plant and the Clab interim storage facility at Oskarshamn is referred to in the SKB application as Clink. The application concerns the disposal of six thousand capsules with a total of twelve thousand tons of radioactive waste at a depth of about five hundred meters. SKB also filed an application to extend the storage capacity of the Clab facility from the current eight thousand tons of spent fuel to eleven thousand tons.
    In August, the Swedish government announced its decision to approve an expansion of the existing Clab interim repository for used fuel while continuing to consider the application for a final repository.

Ambient office = 66 nanosieverts per hour

Ambient outside = 127 nanosieverts per hour

Soil exposed to rain water = 135 nanosieverts per hour

Blueberry from Central Market = 125 nanosieverts per hour

Tap water = 64 nanosieverts per hour

Filter water = 44 nanosieverts per hour

Part 1 of 2 Parts
     The Swedish government has been working on construction for a permanent geological repository to dispose of spent nuclear fuel. The repository has been sited near the coastal town of Forsmark about sixty miles north of Stockholm.
     In 2011, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency initiated the Preservation of Records, Knowledge and Memory Across Generations (RK&M) project. The reason for the project was partly dedicated to development of a theoretical basis and partly dedicated to the development of concrete proposals, for information and knowledge preservation on the permanent disposal of spent nuclear fuel into the far future.
     The Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (SSM) RK&M project ended in 2018. Its primary recommendation was that a systemic strategy should be applied to the preservation of information and knowledge about spent nuclear fuel disposal. The final report said that this will involve the use of different methods, media and content across different time scales with several actors and places. Nine categories of methods were created. 
• Final repository documentation
• Memorial institutions
• Markers
• Time capsules
• Culture, education and art
• Knowledge management
• Oversight provisions
• International mechanisms
• Legal basis
     SSM took the RK&M project recommendations as a starting point in the compilation of a new report. In addition to the completed RK&M project, SSM mentions that there are several other international working groups that have worked or are working on issues dealing with the preservation of information and knowledge about the disposal of spent nuclear fuel. In its new report, SSM reviews methods that could be utilized so that future generation do not inadvertently affect the final resting place of spent nuclear fuel which would harm people and the environment.
     SSM believes that the RK&M project’s description of methodology and various methods for information and knowledge preservation should provide the basis for the development of a strategy for the final geological repositories in Sweden for spent nuclear fuel. At this time, there is no regulatory requirement that such a strategy must be developed in order to be able to make decisions on admissibility under Sweden’s Environmental Code and permits under the Nuclear Activities Act. However, the report says that such a strategy should be developed during the step-by-step process that follows a decision on a permit in accordance with the Nuclear Activities Act. “Important factors in the application of a strategy in Sweden are that it is started at an early stage and that it involves several different actors in the area with clear responsibilities.”
     The report said, “The purpose of information and knowledge preservation after closure can in summary be expressed as reducing the probability of unintentional future human impact on the repository and giving future generations the opportunity to make well-informed decisions regarding the final repository and its contents. The latter may apply, for example, if in the future for resource reasons it would be relevant to retrieve the used nuclear fuel or to be able to take appropriate measures to protect people and the environment in the event of unexpected events if necessary.”
Please read Part 2 next