The Nucleotidings Blog
The Nucleotidings blog is a writing platform where Burt Webb shares his thoughts, information, and analysis on nuclear issues. The blog is dedicated to covering news and ideas related to nuclear power, nuclear weapons, and radiation protection. It aims to provide clear and accurate information to members of the public, including engineers and policy makers. Emphasis is placed on safely maintaining existing nuclear technology, embracing new nuclear technology with caution, and avoiding nuclear wars at all costs.

Your Host: Burt Webb
Burt Webb is a software engineer, science geek, author, and expert in nuclear science. Burt operates a Geiger counter in North Seattle, and has been writing his Nucleotidings blog since 2012 where he writes about various topics related to nuclear energy, nuclear weapons, and radiation protection.

Burt Webb has published several technical books and novels. He works as a software consultant.

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Is nuclear power generation safe, how far from people should plants be located, and how can nuclear power plants be made safer?

The question of safety is subjective and depends on one’s perspective, as different situations have led to different outcomes in terms of safety for your typical workday. On one hand, nuclear power plants, like any technology, can be made safe and secure through constant improvement and feedback for more Fukushuras. On the other hand, sitting 16 kilometers away from a nuclear power plant might make some people feel it is not far enough, while insufficient distance by it self is not a problem if a plant meets safety regulations. Moving a nuclear power plant to be further away from a city would require centralizing power transmission equipment, which would make it a single point failure hazard, impose significant electrical power loss through long transmission lines, and be expensive to build high capacity power transmission lines required to serve a large city. Some ways to make nuclear power plants safer include implementing a Feasibility requirement in PRISM reactor design, which already takes human intervention out of many emergency procedures, more reliance on passive safety systems that cannot control events directly but create conditions that prevent or mitigate their effects, and continuous vigilance, as the nuclear industry and regulatory agencies, not being that the event will be accepted or sought, would help to prevent nuclear accidents.

What do you mean by “Fukushuras”?

“Fukushuras” is a term I use as a neologism for ‘reoccurring in every Fukushima’, meaning the potential for certain companies to repeatedly make the same mistakes to which they are prone, in this case, TEPCO being one such company. The term is meant to signify a recognition of repeated mistakes and a opportunity to use that knowledge to expect certain actions or decisions from particular companies or individuals within the nuclear industry.

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  • Nuclear Reactors 1431 – Alo Power And Idaho Falls Power Sign A Memorandum Of Understanding To Build Microreactors

    Nuclear Reactors 1431 – Alo Power And Idaho Falls Power Sign A Memorandum Of Understanding To Build Microreactors

         U.S. developer Aalo Atomics has announced it is collaborating with Idaho Falls Power in a project intended to deploy seven factory-built Aalo-1 microreactors, totaling seventy-five megawatts of generation. Microreactors typically have a twenty megawatt or less capacity.
         Yasir Arafat is the Aalo Chief Technical Officer. He said that the Aalo-1 microreactors will be built at the company’s reactor factory and headquarters in Austin, Texas. “The reactors for this project could be the first factory-built commercial microreactors in this country. This approach will allow significantly higher predictability in quality, cost, and schedule than today’s large-scale plants, which, at best, take nearly a decade to build.”
         Aalo said that its Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Idaho Falls Power will deliver clean, dependable power to the city of Idaho Falls. It will “open the door for surrounding communities to harness the benefits of advanced nuclear technology”. Idaho Falls Power will use part of the microreactors’ output. The remaining power will be made available to surrounding municipalities and other commercial firms.
         Municipal electric utility Idaho Falls Power currently owns and operates five hydropower plants along the Snake River. These plants provide about one-third of the electricity used in the city of Idaho Falls. It also owns a “small” solar installation but buys most of the balance of its power from the Bonneville Power Administration. The utility stated that it is “negotiating a power purchase agreement with Aalo Atomics” under which Aalo would lease land for the life of the project, up to 80 years, at Idaho Falls Power’s new Energy Research Park. Aalo recently began construction of a seventeen and a half megawatt natural gas plant at the Park.
         Aalo said its choice of Idaho Falls was strategic, building on the area’s rich history of nuclear innovation and ongoing development, and strong public support for nuclear power projects.
         Earlier this year, Aalo announced it had completed the design of the Aalo-1 which is a factory-fabricated ten-megawatt sodium-cooled microreactor using uranium zirconium hydride fuel elements. Aalo is working on the construction of a non-nuclear test reactor (Aalo-0), at its Austin HQ. It plans to build its first nuclear reactor called the Aalo Experimental reactor (Aalo-X) at the Idaho National Laboratory as part of its phased approach to development and deployment.
         In line with this development philosophy, the MoU between Aalo and Idaho Falls Power stipulates that the project can only proceed to full construction once specific cost and uncertainty milestones are met, Aalo said. This will protect both parties from potential setbacks. Aalo is also considering other parallel commercialization paths.

         Matt Loszak is the Aalo CEO. He said that “This phased approach allows us to minimize risks while still pushing the boundaries with new nuclear technology We’ve built in multiple layers of risk reduction so that both partners can move forward with confidence.”
         Aalo added that it was moving forward with plans to secure regulatory approval from the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The Idaho Falls project is “slated to go online before the end of the 2020s”, although Idaho Falls Power has said the project “is not expected to come online before 2030.”

  • Geiger Readings for Sept 30, 2024

    Geiger Readings for Sept 30, 2024

    Ambient office = 116 nanosieverts per hour

    Ambient outside = 97 nanosieverts per hour

    Soil exposed to rain water = 97 nanosieverts per hour

    Jalapeno from Central Market = 81 nanosieverts per hour

    Tap water = 101 nanosieverts per hour

    Filter water = 87 nanosieverts per hour

  • Geiger Readings for Sept 29, 2024

    Geiger Readings for Sept 29, 2024

    Ambient office = 106 nanosieverts per hour

    Ambient outside = 100 nanosieverts per hour

    Soil exposed to rain water = 100 nanosieverts per hour

    Green onion from Central Market = 165 nanosieverts per hour

    Tap water = 90 nanosieverts per hour

    Filter water = 80 nanosieverts per hour

  • Geiger Readings for Sept 28, 2024

    Geiger Readings for Sept 28, 2024

    Ambient office = 73 nanosieverts per hour

    Ambient outside = 105 nanosieverts per hour

    Soil exposed to rain water = 104 nanosieverts per hour

    Ginger root from Central Market = 51 nanosieverts per hour

    Tap water = 108 nanosieverts per hour

    Filter water = 93 nanosieverts per hour

    Dover Sole from Central = 101 nanosieverts per hour

  • Nuclear Reactors 1430- Standford University And The University Of British Columbia Collaborate On A Study Of Costs Of Small Modular Reactors – Part 2 of 2 Parts

    Nuclear Reactors 1430- Standford University And The University Of British Columbia Collaborate On A Study Of Costs Of Small Modular Reactors – Part 2 of 2 Parts

    Part 2 of 2 Parts (Please read Part 1 first)
         Dozens of SMR designs have been proposed. For this study, Krall analyzed the nuclear waste streams generated by three types of SMRs being developed by Toshiba, NuScale, and Terrestrial Energy. Each company chose a different design. Results from these case studies were corroborated by theoretical calculations and a broader design survey. This three-pronged approach allowed the authors to draw powerful conclusions.
         Rodney Ewing is the Frank Stanton Professor in Nuclear Security at Stanford and co-director of Stanford University’s Center for International Security and Cooperation (CISAC). CISAC is part of the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies at Stanford. Ewing is also a professor in the Department of Geological Sciences in the Stanford School of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences and a co-author of the Stanford study. He said, “The analysis was difficult because none of these reactors are in operation yet. Also, the designs of some of the reactors are proprietary, adding additional hurdles to the research.”
         Energy is produced in a nuclear reactor when a neutron splits a uranium atom in the reactor core. This generates additional neutrons that go on to split other uranium atoms, creating a chain reaction. However, some neutrons escape from the core which is called neutron leakage. The escaping neutrons strike surrounding structural materials, such as steel and concrete. These materials become radioactive when impacted by neutrons lost from the core.
         The new study found that SMRs will experience more neutron leakage than conventional reactors because of their smaller size. This increased leakage has an impact on the amount and composition of their waste streams.
         Ewing said, “The more neutrons that are leaked, the greater the amount of radioactivity created by the activation process of neutrons. We found that small modular reactors will generate at least nine times more neutron-activated steel than conventional power plants. These radioactive materials have to be carefully managed prior to disposal, which will be expensive.”
         The Stanford study also found that the spent nuclear fuel from SMRs will be discharged in greater volumes per unit energy extracted. The SMR waste can be far more complex than the spent nuclear fuel discharged from existing power plants.
         Allison Macfarlane is a professor and director of the School of Public Policy and Global Affairs at the University of British Columbia and a co-author of the study. She said, “Some small modular reactor designs call for chemically exotic fuels and coolants that can produce difficult-to-manage wastes for disposal. Those exotic fuels and coolants may require costly chemical treatment prior to disposal. The takeaway message for the nuclear industry and investors is that the back end of the fuel cycle may include hidden costs that must be addressed. It’s in the best interest of the reactor designer and the regulator to understand the waste implications of these reactors.”
         The Stanford study concludes that SMR designs are inferior to conventional nuclear power reactors with respect to radioactive waste generation, management requirements, and disposal options.
        One major problem is long-term radiation from spent nuclear fuel. The research team estimated that after ten thousand years, the radiotoxicity of plutonium in spent nuclear fuels discharged from the three study modules would be at least fifty percent higher than the plutonium in conventional spent nuclear fuel per unit energy extracted. Because of this high level of radiotoxicity, geologic repositories for SMR wastes need to be carefully chosen through a thorough siting process, the authors said.
         Ewing said, “We shouldn’t be the ones doing this kind of study. The vendors, those who are proposing and receiving federal support to develop advanced reactors, should be concerned about the waste and conducting research that can be reviewed in the open literature.”

  • Geiger Readings for Sept 27, 2024

    Geiger Readings for Sept 27, 2024

    Ambient office = 122 nanosieverts per hour

    Ambient outside = 106 nanosieverts per hour

    Soil exposed to rain water = 108 nanosieverts per hour

    Garlic from Central Market = 87 nanosieverts per hour

    Tap water = 102 nanosieverts per hour

    Filter water = 89 nanosieverts per hour