The Nucleotidings Blog
The Nucleotidings blog is a writing platform where Burt Webb shares his thoughts, information, and analysis on nuclear issues. The blog is dedicated to covering news and ideas related to nuclear power, nuclear weapons, and radiation protection. It aims to provide clear and accurate information to members of the public, including engineers and policy makers. Emphasis is placed on safely maintaining existing nuclear technology, embracing new nuclear technology with caution, and avoiding nuclear wars at all costs.

Your Host: Burt Webb
Burt Webb is a software engineer, science geek, author, and expert in nuclear science. Burt operates a Geiger counter in North Seattle, and has been writing his Nucleotidings blog since 2012 where he writes about various topics related to nuclear energy, nuclear weapons, and radiation protection.

Burt Webb has published several technical books and novels. He works as a software consultant.

Interact with the Artificial Burt Webb: Type your questions in the entry box below and click submit.

Example Q&A with the Artificial Burt Webb

Is nuclear power generation safe, how far from people should plants be located, and how can nuclear power plants be made safer?

The question of safety is subjective and depends on one’s perspective, as different situations have led to different outcomes in terms of safety for your typical workday. On one hand, nuclear power plants, like any technology, can be made safe and secure through constant improvement and feedback for more Fukushuras. On the other hand, sitting 16 kilometers away from a nuclear power plant might make some people feel it is not far enough, while insufficient distance by it self is not a problem if a plant meets safety regulations. Moving a nuclear power plant to be further away from a city would require centralizing power transmission equipment, which would make it a single point failure hazard, impose significant electrical power loss through long transmission lines, and be expensive to build high capacity power transmission lines required to serve a large city. Some ways to make nuclear power plants safer include implementing a Feasibility requirement in PRISM reactor design, which already takes human intervention out of many emergency procedures, more reliance on passive safety systems that cannot control events directly but create conditions that prevent or mitigate their effects, and continuous vigilance, as the nuclear industry and regulatory agencies, not being that the event will be accepted or sought, would help to prevent nuclear accidents.

What do you mean by “Fukushuras”?

“Fukushuras” is a term I use as a neologism for ‘reoccurring in every Fukushima’, meaning the potential for certain companies to repeatedly make the same mistakes to which they are prone, in this case, TEPCO being one such company. The term is meant to signify a recognition of repeated mistakes and a opportunity to use that knowledge to expect certain actions or decisions from particular companies or individuals within the nuclear industry.

Blog

  • Nuclerar Accidents 13 – Fukushima 7 – What about the Children?

               Writing a blog is an interesting experience. You have a general subject area and an intended audience. Some writers express themselves very academically while others can get hysterical. Some writers are careful to stick to well established facts while others indulge in wild speculation and fantasy. I personally try to start with the facts and to keep my emotional reactions to a minimum. However, I have to admit that I have been getting angry lately at some of the stories I have been reading while researching for this blog.

               I have devoted numerous blog posts to the Fukushima accident because it happened recently and it is very instructive to study all the different things that led up to the accident and all the repercussions that spread out from the moment of the accident like ripples cause by dropping a rock in a pool of water. There have been political, social, psychological, environmental, economic, legal, and many other impacts in Japan and, to some degree, the world. One of the most troubling impacts is the effect that radiation released from the accident has had and will have on human health.

               In Japan, there have been many different reports of various health effects of the accident ranging from direct radiation exposure of the workers all the way to psychosomatic complains of people living in the area. Until recently, there has been little talk about health effects in other countries. In order to estimate the possible impact on the health of U.S. citizens, for example, it is necessary to monitor the fallout in a particular area. The United States Environmental Protection Agency is tasked with that responsibility. In the case of Fukushima, it failed badly.

               This is a quote from the Global Security Newswire website about what happened here in the U.S. following Fukushima.

    “WASHINGTON – An internal audit has confirmed observers’ concerns that many of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s radiation monitors were out of service at the height of the 2011 Fukushima power plant meltdown in Japan, a finding one critic said raises “serious questions” about the federal government’s ability to respond to nuclear emergencies and to alert the public of their consequences (see GSN, Dec. 21, 2011).

    The April 19 , 2012 report by the EPA Inspector General’s Office also casts further doubt on the agency’s already controversial claims that radiation from Fukushima did not pose any public health threat on U.S. soil, said Daniel Hirsch, a nuclear policy lecturer at the University of California (Santa Cruz) and president of Committee to Bridge the Gap.”

    In addition, the EPA stopped extra testing for Fukushima radiation within a few months of the disaster.

             Here is a quote from a recent article on the MSN website:

    “According to the report (from the Radiation and Public Health Project), kids who were between 1 and 16 weeks old (in Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon or Washington) when the reactors blew have a 28 percent greater chance of having congenital hyperthyroidism, which can stunt body and brain development, than kids born in those states one year earlier. And sadly, they say congenital hypothyroidism might be just the beginning of potential health impacts to come.”

             I live in the Pacific Northwest and understood that radiation from Fukushima was reaching my area but the U.S. Government assured everyone that there was no public health risk. This has been proven to be false. We are just beginning to find out about the health effects of Fukushima in the U.S. I have to admit that I got really angry when I read the article about the children yesterday. The EPA and the U.S. Government have failed the people of this country and newborn children are suffering because of it.  This is intolerable! There have been articles lately about how many lives nuclear power saved because we did not build fossil fuel plants instead. I am afraid that these reports are over optimistic about the safety of nuclear power. The United States is building new nuclear reactors and touting the benefits and safety of nuclear power. This is a serious mistake!

  • Geiger Readings for April 5, 2013

    Geiger Counter Readings in Seattle, WA on April 5, 2013

    Ambient office = .115 microsieverts per hour

    Ambient outside = .103 microsieverts per hour

    Soil exposed to rain = .096 microsieverts per hour

    Red Carribian papaya from local grocery store = .086 microsieverts per hour

    Tap water = .127 microsieverts per hour

    Filtered water = .094 microsieverts per hour

  • U.S. Nuclear Reactors, Millstone, Connecticut

                  The Millstone Nuclear Power Station is located near Waterford, Connecticut in an old quarry and it draws cooling water from Niantic Bay on Long Island Sound. There are two operating General Electric pressurized water reactors on the site. Unit Two is an 870 megawatt Combustion Engineering pressurized water reactor that started generating power in 1985 with a forty years license. Unit Three is an 1150 megawatt Westinghouse pressurized water reactor that started generating power in 1986 with a forty years license.  Both units were relicensed in 2005 for an additional twenty years. The plant was built by Northeast Nuclear Energy and is currently owned and operated by Dominion Nuclear.

               The population in the NRC plume exposure pathway zone with a radius of ten miles around the plant contains about one hundred and thirty thousand people. The NRC ingestion pathway zone with a radius of fifty miles around the plant contains about three million people. The NRC estimates that there is a low risk of an earthquake that could damage the plant.

                In 1988, leaks were reported at Millstone. In 1991, eight control rods did not insert properly during emergency shutdown. In 1993, leaks caused Unit Three to be shut down and problems were discovered in the emergency power supply while Unit Two was shut down for refueling. In 1996, Northeast Utilities, the parent company for Northeast Nuclear Energy, voluntarily shut down Unit Two because it had some of the same problems that had been identified in a study of the Diablo Canyon nuclear power plant. Part of the reason for the shutdown was a lot of other problems that the plant had been having.  Unit Two remained offline for three years as extensive changes were made to management and to the physical plant in light of the repeated inspections and warnings since 1991. Unit Three was shut down in 1996 because the NRC determined that the containment isolation valves did not comply with regulations. It remained offline for two years while repairs were made.

              In 1999, two subsidiaries of the corporation that owned Millstone pled guilty to twenty five violations for environmental and nuclear laws and paid a ten million dollar fine. The charges included problems with nuclear training and environmental impact at Millstone. The problems at Millstone prompted a deep review of NRC procedures. A cover story in Time magazine in 1996 discussed the problems at the Millstone reactor. Following a review of the procedures for inspections and warnings, the NRC made extensive changes to its system of inspections and notifications. Only the Three Mile Island accident prompted more changes in the inspection and regulation of nuclear reactors in the United States. In 2000, the Millstone plant was sold to Dominion Nuclear and since the sale, the reputation of the plant for following NRC regulations has improved considerably.

     

  • Geiger Readings for April 4, 2013

    Geiger Counter Readings in Seattle, WA on April 4, 2013

    Ambient office = .074 microsieverts per hour

    Ambient outside = .093 microsieverts per hour

    Soil exposed to rain = .098 microsieverts per hour

    Marinated artichoke hearts from local grocery store .112 microsieverts per hour

    Tap water = .116 microsieverts per hour

    Filtered water = .108 microsieverts per hour

  • Geiger Readings for April 03, 2013

    Geiger Counter Readings in Seattle, WA on April 3, 2013

    Ambient office = .102 microsieverts per hour

    Ambient outside = .105 microsieverts per hour

    Soil exposed to rain = .086 microsieverts per hour

    Feta cheese from local grocery store .105 microsieverts per hour

    Tap water = .105 microsieverts per hour

    Filtered water = .092 microsieverts per hour

     

  • U.S. Nuclear Reactors 25 – LaSalle, Illinois

             The LaSalle County Nuclear Generating Station is located eleven miles southeast of Ottawa, Illinois and serves the Chicago area. The plant contains two twelve hundred megawatt General Electric boiling water reactors. Unit One was put into operation in 1982 and Unit Two was put into operation in 1984. The reactor uses LaSalle Lake, a man-made two thousand acre lake, for cooling. The plant was built by Commonwealth Edison Company. Exelon Corporation currently owns and operates the plant.

             The population in the NRC plume exposure pathway zone with a radius of ten miles around the plant contains about seventeen thousand seven hundred people. The NRC ingestion pathway zone with a radius of fifty miles around the plant contains about one million nine hundred thousand people. The NRC estimates that there is a extremely risk of an earthquake that could damage the plant.

            In April of 1994, LaSalle was fined by the NRC for failing to deal with problems involving electrical circuit breakers. In May of 1994, the NRC fined LaSalle for improperly handling radioactive materials.

            In February of 1995, a problem with the main steam isolation valves was discovered when Unit Two was being shut down for refueling. Later, one of the isolation valves for Unit One failed to operate correctly.

             In June of 1996, there were problems in the water system with strainers that experienced increased pressure. The problem was blamed on sandblasting material clogging the strainers but the same problem recurred and this time it was blamed on foam used for repairs clogging the intake system. Unit One had to be shut down because of the foam in the intake system               

             In July of 1996, the NRC sent a special inspection team to LaSalle because of a two year trend of declining performance in the water system. The NRC was concerned that the system could not operate safely in case there was an accident. The operators had been given repeated warnings and had repeatedly promised to deal with the problems. Unit One was shut down because of the intake being clogged and Unit Two was shut down for refueling. The operators had to address the problems reported by the NRC before they could restart either Unit. Resolving problems with both Units required over two years to resolve.

               In 2006, Unit One was being shut down for refueling when the control system for the turbine malfunctioned. This caused an automatic insertion of control rods to halt power generation. When the instrument panel indicated that three of the one hundred and eighty five control rods had not been fully inserted into the core, a site area emergency was declared. After a reset, only one rod appeared to have failed to insert. The emergency was cancelled in a few hours with no release of radioactivity. Review of the incident found that the problem lay in the sensors and that all the rods had actually been inserted correctly when the automatic shutdown occurred.

              Although there were no major accidents at LaSalle, there were repeated problems with equipment that were not addressed by the operators despite repeated warnings by the NRC.  

  • Geiger Reading for April 2, 2013

    Geiger Counter Readings in Seattle, WA on April 2, 2013

    Ambient office = .106 microsieverts per hour

    Ambient outside = .082 microsieverts per hour

    Soil exposed to rain = .120 microsieverts per hour

    Sliced mushrooms from local grocery store .106 microsieverts per hour

    Tap water = .116 microsieverts per hour

    Filtered water = .099 microsieverts per hour